Welcome to our exploration of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Incident Response Lifecycle, a four-phase framework essential for handling security incidents. These phases are:

1. Preparation
2. Detection and Analysis
3. Containment, Eradication, and Recovery
4. Post-incident Activity

In security, the role will involve team-based monitoring, detection, and incident response. We’ve previously discussed the Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) and the Security Operations Centre (SOC). Here, we look at the diverse functions, roles, and responsibilities within CSIRTs and SOCs.

Understanding the structure of incident response teams is key to navigating an organisation’s hierarchy, fostering open collaboration and communication, and effectively responding to incidents. This insight might also help you identify specific roles that spark your interest in your security career journey.

Command, Control, and Communication

A CSIRT comprises security professionals skilled in incident management and response. Effective and efficient incident response hinges on clear command, control, and communication.

• Command: This involves leadership and direction to manage the response.
• Control: This is about handling technical aspects, like resource coordination and task assignment.
• Communication: Keeping stakeholders informed is crucial.

A well-defined CSIRT structure with clear roles is essential for a successful response.

Roles in CSIRTs

CSIRTs vary in structure and operation depending on the organisation. They might be a dedicated team or a task force that convenes as needed, involving both security and non-security professionals. Key security roles in a CSIRT typically include:

• Security Analyst: Monitors the environment for threats, analyses alerts, conducts investigations, and escalates or resolves issues.
• Technical Lead: Manages technical aspects of the response process, including strategy creation for containment, eradication, and recovery.
• Incident Coordinator: Coordinates with various departments during an incident, ensuring clear communication and awareness of the incident status.

Security Operations Centre (SOC)

A SOC is a dedicated unit for monitoring networks, systems, and devices for security threats. It might exist independently or within a CSIRT. SOC roles include:

• Tier 1 SOC Analyst: Handles basic monitoring, alert management, and ticket escalation.
• Tier 2 SOC Analyst: Conducts deeper investigations on escalated tickets and refines security tools.
• Tier 3 SOC Lead: Manages team operations and explores advanced detection methods.
• SOC Manager: Oversees the SOC team, including hiring, training, and performance management.

Key Takeaways

As a security analyst, teamwork and collaboration, both within and outside your immediate team, are vital. Understanding the structure and roles in incident response teams like CSIRTs and SOCs is crucial for navigating the incident lifecycle and effectively responding to security challenges. This knowledge also aids in devising creative solutions to complex security situations.

For further information on SOC organisation or to explore other incident response roles, numerous resources are available.